A noncontagious condition
Genetic and immune factors interact with an impaired skin barrier. Eczema is neither an infection nor cancer. It may begin in childhood, persist or develop in adulthood. Inflamed skin can look red, darker, lighter or grey depending on skin tone, so redness alone is not a reliable measure of activity. [1]
A gentle consistent routine
Use lukewarm water, brief bathing and a gentle cleanser when needed. Pat the skin dry and apply a fragrance-free moisturizer after bathing, repeating as needed. Avoid harsh rubbing, abrasive sponges and fragranced products. Look for triggers that affect your own skin rather than assuming everyone needs the same restrictions. [2][1]
When medication is needed
A clinician may prescribe a topical corticosteroid with suitable strength and duration, or a nonsteroidal topical treatment. For inadequately controlled disease, options include phototherapy, biologic medicines and selected oral treatments. Choice depends on age, affected areas, sleep disturbance and safety considerations. [2]
Food itch and infection
Eczema does not automatically mean food allergy. Do not remove food groups, especially for children, without assessment for a specific allergy. Antihistamines do not treat the underlying inflammation, although they may occasionally have a defined role. Antibiotics are not routine eczema treatment; they are used when infection warrants them. [2][1]
Signs that need prompt assessment
Seek prompt assessment for sudden worsening, increasing pain, warmth, swelling or discharge, particularly with fever. Painful similar-looking blisters or involvement near an eye need urgent assessment. Colour changes can remain after inflammation settles; this alone does not mean treatment has failed. [1]
Key point
Regular moisturizing is fundamental, but it does not always replace anti-inflammatory treatment. A useful plan considers itch, sleep and everyday life as well as appearance. [1][2]
References
References are clickable. Accessed 2026-09-05.